Able to do a task (this is ‘skill’).

The process of certification. ISO defines ‘accreditation’ as… ‘the formal recognition by an independent body, generally known as an accreditation body, that a certification body operates according to international standards.’

Anon., ‘Quality management systems – Requirements’, ASQ/ANSI/ISO 9001:2015. American National Standard. 2015. Also, https://www.iso.org/certification.html.

An evaluation and demonstration of understanding against the learning outcomes. Assessments are conducted against specified criteria. These criteria are specified by a subject matter expert: they are not based on other students’ performances.

An assessment can be:

• Self assessment (e.g.,).
  
• Written or oral examination.
  
• Interview.
  
• Hands-on demonstration.
  
• Assessment of experience and training portfolio.
  
• Etc..
  

An ‘outcome-based’ assessment means the assessment must be ‘evidence-based’, and:

• State the required competency and refer to its standard (i.e., a  Competency Standard). 
• Provide clear assessment criteria for judging performance.
  
• Specify the level of performance evidence required for the job.
  

‘Awarding Bodies/Organisations issue certificates for qualifications to formally recognise the achievements of individuals.  They quality assure the delivery and assessment of those qualifications.’